What is the life cycle of Hymenolepis nana?
In the direct lifecycle, embryonated eggs are ingested by the definitive host and hatch in the small intestine, where the oncosphere emerges and penetrates into villi to develop into a cysticercoid larva in 4 to 5 days. The larva then re-enters the lumen of the gut, and the scolex evaginates and attaches to the mucosa.
What is unusual about the life cycle of Hymenolepis nana?
Hymenolepis nana is unique among tapeworms in that the adult worm develops after the egg is ingested. The hooked oncosphere then invades the intestinal mucosa and develops into a cysticeroid larva.
How does Hymenolepis nana infect humans?
Intermediate hosts of Hymenolepis spp.
nana, and humans can become infected with the latter by direct ingestion of eggs. Within the arthropod host, the eggs develop into cysticeroids, which can infect the mammalian host upon ingestion and develop into adults in the small intestine.
How do you cure Nana?
Infection is treated with praziquantel or niclosamide. H. nana is only 15 to 40 mm long. It differs from other tapeworm because it requires only one host, but can also cycle through two.
How Autoinfection happens in H. nana?
Eggs are passed in the stool. Autoinfection can occur when the eggs release their cysticercoids that penetrate the intestine and develop into cysticercoid larvae without going through the external environment. Infection in humans comes from ingesting eggs due to contamination.
What disease does Hymenolepis nana cause?
Hymenolepiasis is the most common intestinal tapeworm infection of humans caused by worm of family cestoda, genus Hymenolepis and species nana. This infection does not require an intermediate host and infection can occur directly from one infected person to another by fecal-oral transmission.
How is Hymenolepis nana transmitted?
How did I get infected? One becomes infected by accidentally ingesting dwarf tapeworm eggs. This can happen by ingesting fecally contaminated foods or water, by touching your mouth with contaminated fingers, or by ingesting contaminated soil.
What is the preferred treatment for infection caused by Hymenolepis nana?
Treatment is available. A prescription drug called praziquantel is given. The medication causes the dwarf tapeworm to dissolve within the intestine. Praziquantel is generally well tolerated.
Can albendazole treat H. nana?
The % efficacy of albendazole (Zentel) and albendazole (bendazol) against Hymenolepis nana infection was reported as 83% and 75% respectively. Present study was concluded that albendazole (zentel) is the drug of choice for the treatment of hymenolepiasis in children.
Is Autoinfection possible in Hymenolepis nana?
H. nana is one of a few parasites that can cause autoinfection which can persist for years.
What is the difference between H. nana and H. diminuta?
Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm) mostly causes human infections, whereas Hymenolepis diminuta (rat tapeworm) exclusively infects rats and rarely humans.
How can hymenolepiasis be prevented?
Good hygiene, public health and sanitation programs, and elimination of rats help prevent the spread of hymenolepiasis.
How do you get H. nana?
This can happen by ingesting fecally contaminated foods or water, by touching your mouth with contaminated fingers, or by ingesting contaminated soil. People can also become infected if they accidentally ingest an infected arthropod (intermediate host, such as a small beetle or mealworm) that has gotten into food.
Why is H. nana called dwarf tapeworm?
Infection with the dwarf tapeworm (so-called because of its small size) Hymenolepis nana occurs worldwide, mostly in children living in conditions with poor sanitation.
Is H. nana a parasite?
Parasites – Hymenolepiasis (also known as Hymenolepis nana infection) Hymenolepis infection or infection with the dwarf tapeworm is found worldwide. It is most often seen in children in countries in which sanitation and hygiene are inadequate.
Which countries are most affected with H. nana and H. diminuta?
nana and H. diminuta are globally widespread, but endemic to Asia, Southern and Eastern Europe, Central and South America, and Africa [2]. Epidemiological data have revealed that H. nana is more commonly reported as the cause of human hymenolepiasis than H.
What is drug of choice for hymenolepiasis?
Does H. nana cause anemia?
By multivariate analysis, H. nana infection was associated with an increased risk of anemia (odds ratio 2.9, 95% CI: 1.5–5.7, P = 0.002).
How do you get H Nana?
What is the difference between H Nana and H Diminuta?