What is El Nino and the Indian monsoon?
El Nino refers to the large-scale ocean-atmosphere climate interaction linked to periodic warming in sea surface temperatures across the central and east-central Equatorial Pacific. It is associated with high pressure in the western Pacific. El Nino adversely impacts the Indian monsoons and hence, agriculture in India.
Is 2022 an El Nino year?
The WMO El Niño/La Niña Update predicts the continuation of the current La Niña over the next six months, with a 70% chance in September-November 2022 but gradually decreasing to 55% in December-February 2022/2023. It started in September 2020.
How does El Nino and La Nina effect Indian monsoon?
In 2014, a El Niño year, India received 12 per cent deficient rainfall from June to September. On the other hand, La Nina years are known to favour the Indian summer monsoon. This year, India has received 740.3 mm of rainfall, quantitatively 7 per cent higher than the seasonal average till August 30.
When was El Nino in India?
During the five strong El Nino years—1877, 1899, 1911, 1918, and 1972—many areas of India suffered large rainfall deficiencies and severe droughts. There are four moderate El Nino years—1887, 1914, 1953, and 1976—when the suffering was marginal.
Is El Niño warm or cold?
warm
El Niño is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific, as opposed to La Niña, which is characterized by unusually cold ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific.
Why El Niño occurs?
An El Niño condition occurs when surface water in the equatorial Pacific becomes warmer than average and east winds blow weaker than normal. The opposite condition is called La Niña. During this phase of ENSO, the water is cooler than normal and the east winds are stronger. El Niños typically occur every 3 to 5 years.
Is El Niño wet or dry?
El Niño typically means:
Reduced rainfall. Warmer temperatures. Shift in temperature extremes.
Will El Niño return in 2023?
A La Niña pattern has persisted into the summer of 2022, and long-range models have been projecting a higher than average chance of a La Niña continuing into the winter of 2022-2023, before possibly weakening in the spring of 2023.
Does El Niño affect Indian monsoon?
The warming in the tropical Pacific Ocean because of El Niño weakens the southeast trade winds flowing to the intertropical convergence zone over India. Since these winds are the main driving force of the Indian summer monsoon, El Niño events are associated with weak monsoons and lower than average rainfall.
How La Niña affect Indian monsoon?
The impact of La Niña is that India can expect a longer period of Monsoon this year. The La Niña months are known to provide heavy rainfall and this year also India has received 740.3mm of rainfall which is 7 per cent higher than the average.
When was last El Niño in India?
Since 2000, El Niño events have been observed in 2002–03, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2009–10, 2014–16, and 2018–19. Major ENSO events were recorded in the years 1790–93, 1828, 1876–78, 1891, 1925–26, 1972–73, 1982–83, 1997–98, and 2014–16.
What is summer monsoon in India?
The summer monsoon is associated with heavy rainfall. It usually happens between April and September. As winter ends, warm, moist air from the southwest Indian Ocean blows toward countries like India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. The summer monsoon brings a humid climate and torrential rainfall to these areas.
Does El Niño cause more rain?
El Niño is a weather pattern that occurs in the Pacific Ocean. During this time, unusual winds cause warm surface water from the equator to move east, toward Central and South America. El Niño can cause more rain than usual in South and Central America and in the United States.
What are 3 effects of El Niño?
Severe drought and associated food insecurity, flooding, rains, and temperature rises due to El Niño are causing a wide range of health problems, including disease outbreaks, malnutrition, heat stress and respiratory diseases.
What is the opposite to El Niño?
El Niño events are associated with a warming of the central and eastern tropical Pacific, while La Niña events are the reverse, with a sustained cooling of these same areas. These changes in the Pacific Ocean and its overlying atmosphere occur in a cycle known as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
Is La Niña good for India?
In 2014, India received 12 per cent deficient rainfall during June to September. La Niña years, on the other hand, are known to favour the Indian summer monsoon. This year, India has received 740.3 mm of rainfall, which was quantitatively 7 per cent above the seasonal average till August 30.
Does El Niño mean more rain?
The Short Answer: El Niño is a weather pattern that occurs in the Pacific Ocean. During this time, unusual winds cause warm surface water from the equator to move east, toward Central and South America. El Niño can cause more rain than usual in South and Central America and in the United States.
How does El Nino effect in India?
It is estimated that 60% of all droughts in India in the last 130 years have coincided with an El Nino. These have been years when rainfall was over 10% less than normal. However, not every El Nino has caused a drought or bad monsoon. Monsoon in India is often weaker during El Nino.
How does El Niño affect the climate of India?
Answer. El-Nino increases the surface temperature of the sea and affects the movement of monsoon winds in the Indian Ocean and causes weak drought-like situation in the Indian sub continent.
What does La Niña mean for India?
El Niño is the warm phase of ENSO, which has a major influence on weather and climate patterns such as heavy rains, floods and drought. In India, El Nino is associated with drought or weak monsoon. La Nina is associated with strong monsoon and above average rains and colder winters.
Is India affected by El Niño?
Why Indian climate is called monsoon climate?
Complete Answer: Our country India has a monsoon type of climate because the Indian climate is influenced by the winds which are called monsoon winds. This type of climate is based on distinct seasons and the reversal of monsoon winds.
Which country is known for monsoon season?
What are the benefits of El Niño?
Some benefits of El Niño:
- Fewer hurricanes and other tropical cyclones in the north Atlantic.
- Milder winters in southern Canada and the northern continental United States.
- Replenishment of water supplies in the southwestern U.S.
- Less disease in some areas due to drier weather (like malaria in southeastern Africa)
Will there be an El Niño in 2023?
Current La Niña Status
A La Niña pattern has persisted into the summer of 2022, and long-range models have been projecting a higher than average chance of a La Niña continuing into the winter of 2022-2023, before possibly weakening in the spring of 2023.