What is PL SQL PDF?

Table of Contents

PL/SQL is a combination of SQL along with the procedural features of programming languages. It was developed by Oracle Corporation in the early 90’s to enhance the capabilities of SQL. PL/SQL is one of three key programming languages embedded in the Oracle Database, along with SQL itself and Java.

What are the 3 types of PL SQL statements?

PL/SQL has three categories of control statements: conditional selection statements, loop statements and sequential control statements.

What is PL SQL tutorial?

PL/SQL is a procedural language designed specifically to embrace SQL statements within its syntax. PL/SQL program units are compiled by the Oracle Database server and stored inside the database. And at run-time, both PL/SQL and SQL run within the same server process, bringing optimal efficiency.

How can I practice PL SQL?

Text Editor

Type your code in a text editor, like Notepad, Notepad+, or EditPlus, etc.
Save the file with the . sql extension in the home directory.
Launch the SQL*Plus command prompt from the directory where you created your PL/SQL file.
Type @file_name at the SQL*Plus command prompt to execute your program.

What is PL SQL explain with example?

PL/SQL Introduction

SQL	PL/SQL
It is declarative, that defines what needs to be done, rather than how things need to be done.	PL/SQL is procedural that defines how the things needs to be done.
Execute as a single statement.	Execute as a whole block.
Mainly used to manipulate data.	Mainly used to create an application.

What is difference between SQL and PL SQL?

Key Differences Between SQL and PL/SQL

SQL is a Structural Query Language created to manipulate relational databases. It is a declarative, detail-oriented language. Whereas, PL/SQL is a Procedural Language/Structured Query Language that uses SQL as its database. It is an application-oriented language.

What are data types in PL SQL?

PL/SQL provides many predefined datatypes. For instance, you can choose from integer, floating point, character, BOOLEAN , date, collection, reference, and large object (LOB) types.

What are PL commands?

PL/SQL commands are one of the oldest and most used languages to retrieve data from a database. It provides all ways for getting data, storing it and manipulating it. With all these different functions managing the data is very easy.

What is type in PL SQL?

The %TYPE attribute, used in PL/SQL variable and parameter declarations, is supported by the data server. Use of this attribute ensures that type compatibility between table columns and PL/SQL variables is maintained.

What are PL SQL commands?

What are PL SQL data types?

Where is PL SQL used?

In Oracle the language PL/SQL is used in packages, procedures, function and types. For further reading: PLSQL Documentation. When using an Oracle database, PL/SQL is one of the most convenient way to access data directly.

What is Array in PL SQL?

A PL/SQL associative array is a collection type that associates a unique key with a value. An associative array has the following characteristics: An associative array type must be defined before array variables of that array type can be declared. Data manipulation occurs in the array variable.

What is number in PL SQL?

NUMBER: A true decimal data type that is ideal for working with monetary amounts. NUMBER is the only one of PL/SQL’s numeric types to be implemented in a platform-independent fashion.

What are the 5 basic SQL commands?

Some of The Most Important SQL Commands

SELECT – extracts data from a database.
UPDATE – updates data in a database.
DELETE – deletes data from a database.
INSERT INTO – inserts new data into a database.
CREATE DATABASE – creates a new database.
ALTER DATABASE – modifies a database.
CREATE TABLE – creates a new table.

What is array in PL SQL?

What are data types in Oracle?

Table 5-1 Summary of Oracle Built-In Datatypes

Datatype	Description
CLOB	Single-byte character data.
NCLOB	Single-byte or fixed-length multibyte national character set (NCHAR) data.
LONG	Variable-length character data.
NUMBER (p, s)	Variable-length numeric data. Maximum precision p and/or scale s is 38.

What is PL SQL features?

PL/SQL gives high productivity to programmers as it can query, transform, and update data in a database. PL/SQL saves time on design and debugging by strong features, such as exception handling, encapsulation, data hiding, and object-oriented data types. Applications written in PL/SQL are fully portable.

What is type in Plsql?

The %TYPE attribute lets use the datatype of a field, record, nested table, database column, or variable in your own declarations, rather than hardcoding the type names. You can use the %TYPE attribute as a datatype specifier when declaring constants, variables, fields, and parameters.

What is collections in PL SQL?

A collection is an ordered group of elements having the same data type. Each element is identified by a unique subscript that represents its position in the collection. PL/SQL provides three collection types − Index-by tables or Associative array. Nested table.

What are the types of PL?

PL/SQL LOB Types. The LOB (large object) datatypes BFILE , BLOB , CLOB , and NCLOB let you store blocks of unstructured data, such as text, graphic images, video clips, and sound waveforms. LOBs allow efficient, random, piece-wise access to the data. BLOB , CLOB , and NCLOB are from 8 to 128 terabytes in size.

What is the primary key?

A primary key is the column or columns that contain values that uniquely identify each row in a table. A database table must have a primary key for Optim to insert, update, restore, or delete data from a database table.

What are the 5 SQL statement types?

Types of SQL Statements

Data Definition Language (DDL) Statements.
Data Manipulation Language (DML) Statements.
Transaction Control Statements.
Session Control Statements.
System Control Statement.
Embedded SQL Statements.

What are 4 types of data?

The data is classified into majorly four categories:

Nominal data.
Ordinal data.
Discrete data.
Continuous data.