What is leishmaniasis PPT?
KALA AZAR • Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of to the genus Leishmania and is transmitted by the bite of sand fly. • This disease is also known as kala azar, black fever, sandfly disease, Dum-Dum fever. • Human infection is caused by about 21 of 30 species that infect mammals.
What is the most common symptom of cutaneous leishmaniasis?
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
The main symptom of this condition is painless skin ulcers. Cutaneous symptoms may appear a few weeks after being bitten by an infected sand fly.
What is cutaneous leishmaniasis disease?
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis and causes skin lesions, mainly ulcers, on exposed parts of the body, leaving life-long scars and serious disability or stigma. About 95% of CL cases occur in the Americas, the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East and Central Asia.
How is cutaneous Leishmania diagnosed?
Direct Microscopy, Histopathology, and Culture. Parasitologic diagnosis is still considered the gold standard in leishmaniasis diagnosis because of its high specificity. This is typically undertaken by histopathologic examination of fixed tissue or parasite in vitro culture from material from suspected lesions.
What is the classification of Leishmania?
Leishmania is a genus of the family Trypanosomatidae and consists of parasitic protozoa. As a member of the family Trypanosomatidae, this species are obligate parasites that require a host for their survival.
What is the life cycle of Leishmania?
The life cycle of Leishmania alternates between two main morphological forms: intracellular amastigotes in the mammalian host and motile promastigotes in the sand fly vector.
What are the causes of cutaneous leishmaniasis?
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis. It is caused by over 15 different species of the protozoan parasite Leishmania, transmitted by infected female sandflies. Although cutaneous leishmaniasis is not life-threatening, it can have devastating effects on local communities.
What are the symptoms and signs of cutaneous leishmaniasis?
Symptoms of cutaneous leishmaniasis depend on where the lesions are located and may include:
- Breathing difficulty.
- Skin sores, which may become a skin ulcer that heals very slowly.
- Stuffy nose, runny nose, and nosebleeds.
- Swallowing difficulty.
What is the infective stage of Leishmania?
Leishmaniasis is transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sand flies. The sand flies inject the infective stage (i.e., promastigotes) from their proboscis during blood meals . Promastigotes that reach the puncture wound are phagocytized by macrophages and other types of mononuclear phagocytic cells.
What causes leishmaniasis?
Leishmaniasis is caused by infection with Leishmania parasites, which are spread by the bite of infected sand flies.
What is the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis?
When liposomal amphotericin B has been used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, patients typically have received 3 mg per kg daily, by IV infusion, for a total of 6 to 10 or more doses. In the United States, pentamidine isethionate is uncommonly used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
What are the two types of leishmaniasis?
The most common forms are cutaneous leishmaniasis, which causes skin sores, and visceral leishmaniasis, which affects several internal organs (usually spleen, liver, and bone marrow).
What are the complications of leishmaniasis?
Complications of leishmaniasis occur as a consequence of anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. They may include the following: Secondary bacterial infection, including pneumonia and tuberculosis. Septicemia.
What are the 3 forms of leishmaniasis?
These parasites are transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected female phlebotomine sandfly, a tiny – 2–3 mm long – insect vector. There are three main forms of the disease: cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL).