What is the difference between asphaltenes and Maltenes?
As the more fluid resinous and oily fractions found in asphalt binder (aka asphalt cement), maltenes are characterized by a lower molecular weight than asphaltenes. They are also highly soluble, and chemically reactive (volatile). Asphaltenes are the more viscous substrate in asphalt.
What is asphaltenes in fuel?
Asphaltene is a very high molecular weight complex component in the fuel that increases the fuel viscosity, surface tension, and chemical reaction rate.
What are asphaltenes in crude oil?
Asphaltenes are the crude oil component with the highest molecular weight. They are conditionally defined as fractions insoluble in pentane or heptane; their presence in heavy oil provides its high viscosity. Therefore, the removal of asphaltene is one of the most efficient methods for the reduction of oil viscosity.
How are asphaltenes formed?
Geochemistry. Asphaltenes are today widely recognised as dispersed, chemically altered fragments of kerogen, which migrated out of the source rock for the oil, during oil catagenesis.
Do asphaltenes melt?
Heptane-insoluble asphaltenes from a range of crude oils and bitumen showed a transition from solid to a liquid melt when heated at 16.5 °C/s.
What dissolves asphaltenes?
Aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) are the commonly used solvents for asphaltene dissolution.
Are asphaltenes polar or nonpolar?
polar
Asphaltenes and resins are polar, while the rest of the so-called oils are either nonpolar or mildly polar. The interaction among these species strongly affect asphaltene precipitation from petroleum fluids.
What is asphaltene in oil and gas?
Asphaltenes are typically defined to be the toluene-soluble and n-heptane-insoluble components of crude oil and other carbonaceous materials such as bitumen and coal. The n-heptane asphaltenes are solid and powdery (Figure 1).
What is difference between wax and asphaltene?
As can be seen, asphaltenes and waxes differ greatly in chemical properties from each other and from other oil fractions. Asphaltenes are the most aromatic and polar fraction, waxes—most aliphatic and nonpolar.
Is asphaltene a asphalt?
Asphaltenes are large, high-density hydrocarbons found in the heaviest distillation fractions of crude oil. Asphaltenes are the primary components of the product asphalt.
Are asphaltenes aromatic?
Asphaltenes are components of crude oils that contain numerous individual compounds, particularly high molecular weight condensed aromatic components including heteroatoms.
What is asphaltene inhibitor?
An asphaltene inhibitor is a chemical used in the oil and gas industry to remove asphaltenes from crude oil. Asphaltenes are the impurities found in crude oil that if not removed can choke refining equipment. Heavy crude oil contains solid ashpaltene deposits during the production stage.
What are resins in crude oil?
Resins fraction of crude oil comprises polar molecules often containing heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. Resin is a heavier fraction than aromatics and saturates. Resins are com- posed of fused aromatic rings with branched paraffin and polar compounds.
Why does asphaltene precipitate in oil and gas pipelines?
Asphaltene precipitation is caused by a number of factors including changes in pressure, temperature, and composition. The two most prevalent causes of asphaltene precipitation in the reservoir are decreasing pressure and mixing of oil with injected solvent in improved oil recovery (IOR) processes.
Is asphaltene a wax?
Asphaltenes are the most aromatic and polar fraction, waxes—most aliphatic and nonpolar. However, despite these differences, these two oil fractions are similar in that they have a high molecular weight, aggregate or associate in solutions, and have a limited solubility in crude oil.
What is Naphthenes in crude oil?
Cycloalkanes (or cycloparaffins), also called naphthenes in the petroleum industry, are saturated hydrocarbons containing structures with carbon atoms linked in a ring. The cycloalkane composition in crude oil worldwide typically varies from 30% to 60% (see also Table 3).
What is wax in crude oil?
The various crude oils present in the world contain wax contents of up to 32.5%. Paraffin waxes consist of straight chain saturated hydrocarbons with car- bons atoms ranging from C18 to C36.
What is C5 and C9?
C5 Resins are produced from aliphatic crackers like Piperylene and Isoprene, the current major catalyst is AlCl3. C9 Resins are produced from aromatic crackers like Vinyltoluenes, Indene, Alpha Methylstyrene, Stryene, Methylindenes, etc, the current major catalyst is BF3.
What is C5 resin?
SRC 1000 tackifiers are amorphous, glassy, low-molecular-weight hydrocarbon polymers that promote adhesion. and tack in hot-melt and pressure-sensitive adhesives. They are compatible with most base polymers, polymer modifiers. and antioxidants that you may add to your adhesive formulation.
What causes asphaltene precipitation?
What is the main difference between aromatics and naphthenes?
The key difference between naphthenes and aromatics is that the naphthenes have only single bonds between carbon atoms whereas the aromatics have both single bonds and double bonds between carbon atoms. We call naphthenes “cycloalkanes”. These are cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds.
What is the difference between naphthenes and naphthalene?
Naphthene-benzene and naphthene-naphthalene molecules contain one to six naphthenic cycles, whereas naphthene-phenantrene molecules contain one to three naphthenic rings.
How do you remove wax from crude oil?
There is a range of methods for removing paraffin wax build-ups in oil wells including:
- Mechanical.
- Scraping.
- Coiled Tubing.
- Thermal.
- Hot Oiling.
- Hot Water.
- Chemical – Wax Solvents/Dispersants.
- Combination Treatments.
How do you remove wax from a pipeline?
Scrapers may be attached to wireline units, or they may be attached to sucker rods to remove wax as the well is pumped. Deposits in surface pipelines can be removed by forcing soluble or insoluble pigs through the lines. Soluble pigs may be composed of naphthalene or microcrystalline wax.
What is C9 in petroleum?
C9 Light Petroleum Resin is a kind of thermal plasticizing resin produced by C9 fraction, by-products of petroleum cracking, through pretreatment, polymerization and distillation, It is not a high polymer but a low polymer with the molecular weight between 300-3000.