What is a blast furnace BBC Bitesize?
The blast furnace
Iron is extracted from iron ore in a huge container called a blast furnace. Iron ores such as haematite contain iron(III) oxide, Fe 2O 3. The oxygen must be removed from the iron(III) oxide in order to leave the iron behind. Reactions in which oxygen is removed are called reduction reactions.
What happens in a blast furnace?
blast furnace, a vertical shaft furnace that produces liquid metals by the reaction of a flow of air introduced under pressure into the bottom of the furnace with a mixture of metallic ore, coke, and flux fed into the top.
What is blast furnace Class 8?
The blast furnace is a huge, steel stack lined with refractory brick, where iron ore, coke and limestone are dumped into the top, and preheated air is blown into the bottom. The raw materials require 6 to 8 hours to descend to the bottom of the furnace where they become the final product of liquid slag and liquid iron.
What chemical reactions happen in a blast furnace?
The reactions of the blast furnace involve 1) combustion of the fuel and its conversion into carbon monoxide, 2) reduction of the ore, and 3) formation of slag.
Why is the shape of the blast furnace?
3 Answers. The reasons for BF shape: In order to ensure free fall of the charge material, as it expands progressively with the progressive rise in temperature, the cross section of the furnace is uniformly increased to almost double the size from the stockline to the mantle level.
What is a blast furnace used for and how does it work?
A blast furnace uses heat to convert iron oxides into liquid iron, which can then be used for a variety of industrial applications. The blast furnace is a brick-lined, stainless steel stack, which is heated using pre-heated air. Limestone, coke and iron ore are placed in the blast furnace and heated.
What are the main parts of a blast furnace?
The components of a blast furnace include the Charge, exhaust gas outlet, charging bells, gas outlet, tuyeres, taphole, bustle pipe, slag hole, refractory lining, and conveyor system.
What causes a blast furnace to explode?
A furnace explosion is usually the result of ignition and instantaneous combustion of highly flammable gas, vapor, or dust that has accumulated in a boiler. The effect of the force from the explosion is often much greater than the boiler combustion chamber can withstand.
What are the 3 main materials that go into the blast furnace is called?
In a blast furnace, fuel (coke), ores, and flux (limestone) are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace, while a hot blast of air (sometimes with oxygen enrichment) is blown into the lower section of the furnace through a series of pipes called tuyeres, so that the chemical reactions take place throughout …
Which gas is released in blast furnace?
carbon monoxide (CO)
Blast furnace gas has a high carbon monoxide (CO) content and a low heating value, typical 3900 MJ/m3 (International Energy Agency, 2007). The five primary components of blast furnace gas are N2, CO, CO2, H2O and H2.
What is the final product of the blast furnace?
Blast furnace produces Hot metal (Liquid Iron) using Iron ore, Coke, Sinter, Pellets and fluxes such as Lime-stone, Pyroxenite, Quartzite reacting with oxygen from pre heated air.
What keeps the blast furnace hot?
The reaction between oxygen and carbon is exothermic and is responsible for increasing the temperature of the blast furnace.
What is a blast furnace made of?
The blast furnace is a brick-lined, stainless steel stack, which is heated using pre-heated air. Limestone, coke and iron ore are placed in the blast furnace and heated. The coke, limestone and iron react in the presence of heat, producing slag and liquid iron.
What fuel is used in blast furnace?
metallurgical coke
The iron blast furnace uses carbon as a fuel to meet the energy requirements of the process as well as a reducing agent for smelting the iron ore to pig iron. The most widespread form of carbon used for this purpose is metallurgical coke.
Why is called blast furnace?
Special nozzles called “tuyeres” are used to put the air in the furnace. The nozzles are at the bottom of the furnace. This process is called “blasting”. It is why it is called a “blast furnace”.
Which fuel is used in blast furnace?
Which gas is used in blast furnace?
Blast furnace gas has a high carbon monoxide (CO) content and a low heating value, typical 3900 MJ/m3 (International Energy Agency, 2007). The five primary components of blast furnace gas are N2, CO, CO2, H2O and H2.
Why it is called blast furnace?
Special nozzles called “tuyeres” are used to put the air in the furnace. The nozzles are at the bottom of the furnace. This process is called “blasting”. It is why it is called a “blast furnace”. The coke ignites (lights on fire) and burns.